Physicochemical, setting, rheological, and mechanical properties of a novel bio-composite based on apatite cement, bioactive glass, and alginate hydrogel

Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have been widely investigated as bone substitutes, owing to their attractive features in terms of physicochemical and biocompatibility properties. However, the clinical applicability this group biomaterials is still critically limited by its poor strength rheological properties injectability cohesion. The present work aims develop novel composite cement based on calcium bioactive glass (BG), associated with sodium alginate hydrogel (Alg). composition, microstructure, setting, rheological, mechanical were further investigated. Evaluation setting showed that BG participates crucially reaction a provider serves accelerator. Thus, time appears lower these than reference CPC cement: it decreases from 75 42 min content increases 10 25 wt% delayed 73 while Alg amount augmented 1 5 wt%. evaluation revealed was slightly improved increasing compared CPC, reaching value close 100% when combined hydrogel. anti-washout property appeared be weak for or without BG, which are disintegrated solution. cohesiveness significantly introducing hydrogel; furthermore, addition induced an increase compressive about twice (7.2 MPa) higher (4.0 MPa). According above findings, acts accelerator leading fast apatite formation, introduction promoting agent improves combination additives increased cement.